1 Market Overview 1.1 Aluminium Nitride Introduction 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Low Purity 1.2.2 High Purity 1.3 Market Analysis by Application 1.3.1 Electricity Application 1.3.2 High Temperature Applications 1.3.3 Wear Resistant Applications 1.3.4 Corrosion Resistant Applications 1.3.5 Others 1.4 Market Analysis by Region 1.4.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.2 Europe Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.3 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.4 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.6 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.7 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.4.8 GCC Countries Market States and Outlook (2014-2026F) 1.5 Market Dynamics and Development 1.5.1 Merger, Acquisition and New Investment 1.5.2 Market SWOT Analysis 1.5.3 Drivers 1.5.4 Limitations 1.5.5 Opportunities and Development Trends 1.6 Global Aluminium Nitride Market Size Analysis from 2014 to 2026 1.6.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Market Size Analysis from 2014 to 2026 by Consumption Volume 1.6.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Market Size Analysis from 2014 to 2026 by Value 1.6.3 Global Aluminium Nitride Price Trends Analysis from 2014 to 2026 2 Global Aluminium Nitride Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries 2.1 Global Aluminium Nitride (Volume and Value) by Type 2.1.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 2.1.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 2.2 Global Aluminium Nitride (Volume and Value) by Application 2.2.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 2.2.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 2.3 Global Aluminium Nitride (Volume and Value) by Region 2.3.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 2.3.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 3 United States Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 3.1 United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 3.2 United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 3.3 United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 4 Europe Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 4.1 Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 4.2 Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 4.3 Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 4.4 Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption by Top Countries 4.4.1 Germany Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.2 UK Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.3 France Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.4 Italy Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.5 Spain Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.6 Poland Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 4.4.7 Russia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 5 China Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 5.1 China Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 5.2 China Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 5.3 China Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 6 Japan Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 6.1 Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 6.2 Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 6.3 Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 7 Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 7.1 Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 7.2 Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 7.3 Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 7.4 Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption by Top Countries 7.4.1 Indonesia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 7.4.2 Thailand Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 7.4.3 Philippines Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 7.4.4 Malaysia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 7.4.5 Singapore Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 7.4.6 Vietnam Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 8 India Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 8.1 India Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 8.2 India Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 8.3 India Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 9 Brazil Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 9.1 Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 9.2 Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 9.3 Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 10 GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Market Analysis 10.1 GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Value Analysis 10.2 GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type 10.3 GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application 10.4 GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Major Countries 10.4.1 Saudi Arabia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 10.4.2 United Arab Emirates Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 10.4.3 Qatar Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 10.4.4 Bahrain Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 11 Manufacturers Profiles 11.1 Morgan Technical 11.1.1 Business Overview 11.1.2 Products Analysis 11.1.3 Morgan Technical Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.1.4 Morgan Technical Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 11.2 Top Seiko 11.2.1 Business Overview 11.2.2 Products Analysis 11.2.3 Top Seiko Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.2.4 Top Seiko Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 11.3 Toyal 11.3.1 Business Overview 11.3.2 Products Analysis 11.3.3 Toyal Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.3.4 Toyal Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 11.4 H.C. Starck 11.4.1 Business Overview 11.4.2 Products Analysis 11.4.3 H.C. Starck Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.4.4 H.C. Starck Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 11.5 CeramTec 11.5.1 Business Overview 11.5.2 Products Analysis 11.5.3 CeramTec Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.5.4 CeramTec Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 11.6 Ferro-Ceramic 11.6.1 Business Overview 11.6.2 Products Analysis 11.6.3 Ferro-Ceramic Aluminium Nitride Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin 11.6.4 Ferro-Ceramic Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region 12 Marketing Strategy Analysis 12.1 Marketing Channel 12.1.1 Direct Marketing 12.1.2 Indirect Marketing 12.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend 12.2 Market Positioning 12.2.1 Pricing Strategy 12.2.2 Brand Strategy 12.2.3 Target Client 12.3 Distributors/Traders List 13 Global Aluminium Nitride Market Forecast (2019-2026) 13.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2019-2026) 13.1.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 13.1.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 13.1.3 Global Aluminium Nitride Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) 13.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026) 13.2.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026) 13.2.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026) 13.3 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 13.3.1 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 13.3.2 Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 13.3.3 Global Aluminium Nitride Price Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 13.4 Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2019-2026) 14 Research Conclusions 15 Appendix 15.1 Methodology 15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Global Aluminium Nitride Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Region 2014-2026F Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2026F Global Aluminium Nitride Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Application 2014-2026F Figure Aluminium Nitride Picture Table Product Specifications of Aluminium Nitride Figure Global Sales Market Share of Aluminium Nitride by Type in 2018 Table Types of Aluminium Nitride Figure Low Purity Picture Figure High Purity Picture Figure Aluminium Nitride Consumption Market Share by Application in 2018 Table Application of Aluminium Nitride Figure Electricity Application Picture Figure High Temperature Applications Picture Figure Wear Resistant Applications Picture Figure Corrosion Resistant Applications Picture Figure Others Picture Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Germany Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure UK Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure France Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Italy Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Spain Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Poland Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Russia Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure China Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Indonesia Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Thailand Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Philippines Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Malaysia Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Singapore Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Vietnam Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure India Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Saudi Arabia Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure United Arab Emirates Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Qatar Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Figure Bahrain Aluminium Nitride Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2026F) Table Emerging and Growing Market of Aluminium Nitride Table Industry Limitations Table Opportunities and Development Trends Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Market Size Analysis from 2014 to 2026 by Consumption Volume Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Market Size Analysis from 2014 to 2026 by Value Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Price Trends Analysis from 2014 to 2026 Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Table Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption by Top Countries Figure Germany Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure UK Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure France Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Italy Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Spain Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Poland Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Russia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure China Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure China Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure China Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table China Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table China Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Table Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption by Top Countries Figure Indonesia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Thailand Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Philippines Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Malaysia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Singapore Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Vietnam Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure India Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure India Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure India Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table India Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table India Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Sales Price Analysis (2014-2019) Table GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Type Table GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Structure by Application Table GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume by Major Countries Figure Saudi Arabia Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure United Arab Emirates Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Qatar Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Figure Bahrain Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume from 2014 to 2019 Table Morgan Technical Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Table Top Seiko Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Table Toyal Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Table H.C. Starck Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Table CeramTec Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Table Ferro-Ceramic Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019) Figure Company Sales and Growth Rate Figure Company Revenue ($) Market Share 2014-2019 Figure Company Aluminium Nitride Sales by Region Table Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base Table Products Analysis Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume Forecast by Region (2019-2026) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Value Forecast by Region (2019-2026) Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure United States Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Europe Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Germany Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Germany Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure UK Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure UK Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure France Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure France Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Italy Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Italy Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Spain Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Spain Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Poland Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Poland Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Russia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Russia Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure China Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure China Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Japan Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Southeast Asia Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Indonesia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Indonesia Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Thailand Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Thailand Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Philippines Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Philippines Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Malaysia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Malaysia Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Singapore Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Singapore Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Vietnam Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Vietnam Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure India Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure India Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Brazil Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure GCC Countries Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Saudi Arabia Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Saudi Arabia Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure United Arab Emirates Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure United Arab Emirates Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Qatar Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Qatar Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Bahrain Aluminium Nitride Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Bahrain Aluminium Nitride Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Forecast by Type (2019-2026) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Revenue Forecast by Type (2019-2026) Figure Global Aluminium Nitride Price Forecast by Type (2019-2026) Table Global Aluminium Nitride Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2019-2026)