Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Industry Overview of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 1.1 Definition of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 1.2 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025) 1.2.2 Processing Type 1.2.3 Spectrum Type 1.2.4 Array Type 1.3 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Segment by Applications 1.3.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025) 1.3.2 Consumer Electronics 1.3.3 Automobile 1.3.4 Surveillance 1.3.5 Medical 1.3.6 Others 1.4 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Overall Market 1.4.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue (2014-2025) 1.4.2 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (2014-2025) 1.4.3 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 1.4.4 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 1.4.5 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 1.4.6 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 1.4.8 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Status and Prospect (2014-2025) 2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers 2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 2.4 Industry Chain Structure of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date 3.2 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Manufacturing Plants Distribution 3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors 3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans 4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers 4.1 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production and Capacity Analysis 4.2 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Analysis 4.3 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Price Analysis 4.4 Market Concentration Degree 5 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Regional Market Analysis 5.1 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production by Regions 5.1.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production by Regions 5.1.2 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue by Regions 5.2 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption by Regions 5.3 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.3.1 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.3.2 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America 5.3.4 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 5.4 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.4.1 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.4.2 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe 5.4.4 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 5.5 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.5.1 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.5.2 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China 5.5.4 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 5.6 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.6.1 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.6.2 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan 5.6.4 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 5.7 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.7.1 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.7.2 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia 5.7.4 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 5.8 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Analysis 5.8.1 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production 5.8.2 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue 5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India 5.8.4 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Import and Export 6 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Segment Market Analysis (by Type) 6.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production by Type 6.2 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue by Type 6.3 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Price by Type 7 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Segment Market Analysis (by Application) 7.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption by Application 7.2 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 8 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Major Manufacturers Analysis 8.1 BAE Systems 8.1.1 BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.1.2 BAE Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.1.3 BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.2 Sony 8.2.1 Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.2.2 Sony Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.2.3 Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.3 Canon 8.3.1 Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.3.2 Canon Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.3.3 Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.4 Toshiba 8.4.1 Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.4.2 Toshiba Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.4.3 Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.5 Panasonic 8.5.1 Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.5.2 Panasonic Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.5.3 Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.6 Omni Vision Technologies 8.6.1 Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.6.2 Omni Vision Technologies Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.6.3 Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.7 Samsung Electronics 8.7.1 Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.7.2 Samsung Electronics Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.7.3 Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.8 Sharp 8.8.1 Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.8.2 Sharp Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.8.3 Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.9 ON Semiconductor 8.9.1 ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served 8.9.2 ON Semiconductor Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.9.3 ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served 9 Development Trend of Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market 9.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Trend Analysis 9.1.1 Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025 9.2 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Regional Market Trend 9.2.1 North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.2.2 Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.2.3 China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.2.4 Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.2.5 Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.2.6 India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Forecast 2019-2025 9.3 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Trend (Product Type) 9.4 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Trend (Application) 10.1 Marketing Channel 10.1.1 Direct Marketing 10.1.2 Indirect Marketing 10.3 CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Customers 11 Market Dynamics 11.1 Market Trends 11.2 Opportunities 11.3 Market Drivers 11.4 Challenges 11.5 Influence Factors 12 Conclusion 13 Appendix 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 Author List 13.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures Figure Picture of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025) Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share by Types in 2018 Figure Processing Type Product Picture Figure Spectrum Type Product Picture Figure Array Type Product Picture Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025) Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018 Figure Consumer Electronics Figure Automobile Figure Surveillance Figure Medical Figure Others Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units) (2014-2025) Figure North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Figure India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025) Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Raw Material and Suppliers Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors in 2018 Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Figure Industry Chain Structure of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Manufacturing Plants Distribution Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Figure CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018 Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Figure CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018 Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019) Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019 Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share by Regions in 2018 Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019 Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018 Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) Table Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019 Figure North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units) Figure India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD) Table India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Global Consumption CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Figure Global Value (Consumption) CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table BAE Systems CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Sony CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Canon CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Toshiba CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Panasonic CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Omni Vision Technologies CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Samsung Electronics CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table Sharp CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Sites and Area Served Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Market Share (2014-2019) Figure ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Market Share (2014-2019) Table ON Semiconductor CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Main Business and Markets Served Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 Figure Global CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025 Figure North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure North America CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Figure Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure Europe CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Figure China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure China CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Figure Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure Japan CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Figure Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Figure India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) Figure India CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD) Table Global Production (K Units) of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors by Type (2019-2025) Table Global Consumption (K Units) of CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors by Application (2019-2025) Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Distributors List Table CMOS and sCMOS Image Sensors Customers List Table Market Key Trends Table Key Opportunities Table Market Key Drivers Table Key Challenges Table Key Influence Factors Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources

BAE Systems Sony Canon Toshiba Panasonic Omni Vision Technologies Samsung Electronics Sharp ON Semiconductor