Table of Contents 1 Plastic Flowerpot Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Plastic Flowerpot 1.2 Plastic Flowerpot Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2014-2026) 1.2.2 The Market Profile of Type 1 1.2.3 The Market Profile of Type 2 1.2.4 The Market Profile of Type 3 1.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Segment by Application 1.3.1 Plastic Flowerpot Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2014-2026) 1.3.2 The Market Profile of Application 1 1.3.3 The Market Profile of Application 2 1.3.4 The Market Profile of Application 3 1.4 Global Plastic Flowerpot Market by Region (2014-2026) 1.4.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2014-2026) 1.4.2 United States Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3 Europe Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.1 Germany Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.2 UK Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.3 France Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.4 Italy Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.5 Spain Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.6 Russia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.7 Poland Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.4 China Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.5 Japan Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.6 India Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.1 Malaysia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.2 Singapore Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.3 Philippines Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.4 Indonesia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.5 Thailand Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.6 Vietnam Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8 Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.1 Brazil Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.2 Mexico Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.3 Colombia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.1 Saudi Arabia Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.2 United Arab Emirates Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.3 Turkey Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.4 Egypt Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.5 South Africa Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.6 Nigeria Plastic Flowerpot Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Plastic Flowerpot (2014-2026) 1.5.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Status and Outlook (2014-2026) 1.5.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Status and Outlook (2014-2026) 2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Landscape by Player 2.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and Share by Player (2014-2019) 2.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Market Share by Player (2014-2019) 2.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Average Price by Player (2014-2019) 2.4 Plastic Flowerpot Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type by Player 2.5 Plastic Flowerpot Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.5.1 Plastic Flowerpot Market Concentration Rate 2.5.2 Plastic Flowerpot Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players 2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Players Profiles 3.1 Keter 3.1.1 Keter Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.1.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.1.3 Keter Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.1.4 Keter Business Overview 3.2 MILAN PLAST 3.2.1 MILAN PLAST Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.2.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.2.3 MILAN PLAST Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.2.4 MILAN PLAST Business Overview 3.3 Scheurich 3.3.1 Scheurich Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.3.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.3.3 Scheurich Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.3.4 Scheurich Business Overview 3.4 BENITO URBAN 3.4.1 BENITO URBAN Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.4.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.4.3 BENITO URBAN Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.4.4 BENITO URBAN Business Overview 3.5 Stefanplast 3.5.1 Stefanplast Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.5.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.5.3 Stefanplast Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.5.4 Stefanplast Business Overview 3.6 East Jordan Plastics 3.6.1 East Jordan Plastics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.6.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.6.3 East Jordan Plastics Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.6.4 East Jordan Plastics Business Overview 3.7 Poterie Lorraine 3.7.1 Poterie Lorraine Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.7.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.7.3 Poterie Lorraine Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.7.4 Poterie Lorraine Business Overview 3.8 Gardencity 3.8.1 Gardencity Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.8.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.8.3 Gardencity Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.8.4 Gardencity Business Overview 3.9 Lechuza 3.9.1 Lechuza Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.9.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.9.3 Lechuza Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.9.4 Lechuza Business Overview 3.10 ELHO 3.10.1 ELHO Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.10.2 Plastic Flowerpot Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.10.3 ELHO Plastic Flowerpot Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.10.4 ELHO Business Overview 4 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type 4.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 4.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 4.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Price by Type (2014-2019) 4.4 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate by Type (2014-2019) 4.4.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 1 (2014-2019) 4.4.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 2 (2014-2019) 4.4.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 3 (2014-2019) 5 Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Analysis by Application 5.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 5.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019) 5.2.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Growth Rate of Application 1 (2014-2019) 5.2.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Growth Rate of Application 2 (2014-2019) 5.2.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Growth Rate of Application 3 (2014-2019) 6 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2014-2019) 6.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption by Region (2014-2019) 6.2 United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.3 Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.4 China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.5 Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.6 India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.7 Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.8 Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.9 Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 7 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2014-2019) 7.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 7.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 7.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.4 United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.5 Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.6 China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.7 Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.8 India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.9 Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.10 Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.11 Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8 Plastic Flowerpot Manufacturing Analysis 8.1 Plastic Flowerpot Key Raw Materials Analysis 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials Introduction 8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 8.2 Manufacturing Cost Analysis 8.2.1 Labor Cost Analysis 8.2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Plastic Flowerpot 9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers 9.1 Plastic Flowerpot Industrial Chain Analysis 9.2 Raw Materials Sources of Plastic Flowerpot Major Players in 2018 9.3 Downstream Buyers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Drivers 10.2 Restraints 10.3 Opportunities 10.3.1 Advances in Innovation and Technology for Plastic Flowerpot 10.3.2 Increased Demand in Emerging Markets 10.4 Challenges 10.4.1 The Performance of Alternative Product Type is Getting Better and Better 10.4.2 Price Variance Caused by Fluctuations in Raw Material Prices 10.5 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 10.5.1 Threat of New Entrants 10.5.2 Threat of Substitutes 10.5.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 10.5.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers 10.5.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry 11 Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.1 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast by Region (2019-2026) 11.2.1 United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.2 Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.3 China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.4 Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.5 India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.6 Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.7 Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.8 Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.3 Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 11.4 Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Forecast by Application (2019-2026) 12 Research Findings and Conclusion 13 Appendix 13.1 Methodology 13.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Figure Plastic Flowerpot Product Picture Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type Table Profile of Type 1 Table Profile of Type 2 Table Profile of Type 3 Table Plastic Flowerpot Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2014-2026) Table Profile of Application 1 Table Profile of Application 2 Table Profile of Application 3 Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) (2014-2026) Figure United States Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Europe Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Germany Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure UK Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure France Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Italy Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Spain Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Russia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Poland Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure China Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Japan Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure India Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Malaysia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Singapore Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Philippines Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Indonesia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Thailand Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Vietnam Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Brazil Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Mexico Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Colombia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Saudi Arabia Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure United Arab Emirates Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Turkey Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Egypt Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure South Africa Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Nigeria Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Status and Outlook (2014-2026) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production by Player (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Share by Player (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Share by Player in 2018 Table Plastic Flowerpot Revenue by Player (2014-2019) Table Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Player (2014-2019) Table Plastic Flowerpot Price by Player (2014-2019) Table Plastic Flowerpot Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area by Player Table Plastic Flowerpot Product Type by Player Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table Keter Profile Table Keter Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table MILAN PLAST Profile Table MILAN PLAST Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Scheurich Profile Table Scheurich Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table BENITO URBAN Profile Table BENITO URBAN Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Stefanplast Profile Table Stefanplast Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table East Jordan Plastics Profile Table East Jordan Plastics Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Poterie Lorraine Profile Table Poterie Lorraine Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Gardencity Profile Table Gardencity Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Lechuza Profile Table Lechuza Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table ELHO Profile Table ELHO Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Plastic Flowerpot Price by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 1 (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 2 (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Growth Rate of Type 3 (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption of Application 1 (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption of Application 2 (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption of Application 3 (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Consumption Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Table United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Market Share by Region in 2018 Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018 Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Central and South America Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Key Raw Materials Introduction of Plastic Flowerpot Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Figure Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Plastic Flowerpot Figure Plastic Flowerpot Industrial Chain Analysis Table Raw Materials Sources of Plastic Flowerpot Major Players in 2018 Table Downstream Buyers Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Plastic Flowerpot Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) Table United States Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Europe Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table China Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Japan Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table India Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Southeast Asia Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Middle East and Africa Plastic Flowerpot Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Production Forecast, by Type Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Revenue Forecast, by Type Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Price Forecast, by Type Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Production Forecast, by Application Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Production Volume Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Market Revenue Forecast, by Application Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Plastic Flowerpot Price Forecast, by Application