Table of Contents China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Research Report 2018 1 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales 1.2 Classification of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales by Product Category 1.2.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Comparison by Type (2013-2025) 1.2.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Market Share by Type in 2017 1.2.3 Platform 1.2.4 Floor-standing 1.3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market by Application/End Users 1.3.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2013-2025) 1.3.2 Fighter 1.3.3 Rotorcraft 1.3.4 Military Transport 1.3.5 Regional Aircraft 1.3.6 Trainer 1.4 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market by Region 1.4.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2013-2025) 1.4.2 South China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.3 East China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.4 Southwest China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.5 Northeast China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.6 North China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.7 Central China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales (2013-2025) 1.5.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025) 1.5.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025) 2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Competition by Players/Manufacturers 2.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) 2.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) 2.3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Average Price (USD/Unit) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) 2.4 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.4.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Concentration Rate 2.4.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers 2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market 2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types 3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales and Revenue by Region (2013-2018) 3.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) 3.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) 3.3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018) 4 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales and Revenue by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018) 4.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2013-2018) 4.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) 4.3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2013-2018) 4.4 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018) 5 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales by Application (2013-2018) 5.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018) 5.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018) 5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities 6 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Players/Suppliers Profiles and Sales Data 6.1 FEMA AIRPORT 6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.1.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.1.2.1 Product A 6.1.2.2 Product B 6.1.3 FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.2 LANGA INDUSTRIAL 6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.2.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.2.2.1 Product A 6.2.2.2 Product B 6.2.3 LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.3 Teknoscale oy 6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.3.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.3.2.1 Product A 6.3.2.2 Product B 6.3.3 Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.4 Intercomp 6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.4.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.4.2.1 Product A 6.4.2.2 Product B 6.4.3 Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.5 Central Carolina Scale 6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.5.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.5.2.1 Product A 6.5.2.2 Product B 6.5.3 Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.6 Alliance Scale 6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.6.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.6.2.1 Product A 6.6.2.2 Product B 6.6.3 Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.7 General Electrodynamics Corporation 6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.7.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.7.2.1 Product A 6.7.2.2 Product B 6.7.3 General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.8 Jackson Aircraft Weighing 6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.8.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.8.2.1 Product A 6.8.2.2 Product B 6.8.3 Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.9 Henk Maas 6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.9.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.9.2.1 Product A 6.9.2.2 Product B 6.9.3 Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.10 Vishay Precision Group 6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.10.2 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category, Application and Specification 6.10.2.1 Product A 6.10.2.2 Product B 6.10.3 Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) 6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.11 Aircraft Spruce 7 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Manufacturing Cost Analysis 7.1 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Key Raw Materials Analysis 7.1.1 Key Raw Materials 7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 7.2.1 Raw Materials 7.2.2 Labor Cost 7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses 7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales 8 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers 8.1 Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Industrial Chain Analysis 8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing 8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Major Manufacturers in 2017 8.4 Downstream Buyers 9 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders 9.1 Marketing Channel 9.1.1 Direct Marketing 9.1.2 Indirect Marketing 9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend 9.2 Market Positioning 9.2.1 Pricing Strategy 9.2.2 Brand Strategy 9.2.3 Target Client 9.3 Distributors/Traders List 10 Market Effect Factors Analysis 10.1 Technology Progress/Risk 10.1.1 Substitutes Threat 10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry 10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change 10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change 11 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Size (Sales and Revenue) Forecast (2018-2025) 11.1 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2025) 11.2 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025) 11.3 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025) 11.4 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025) 12 Research Findings and Conclusion 13 Methodology and Data Source 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 Disclaimer 13.4 Author List

List of Tables and Figures Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2013-2025) Table Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type Table Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2025) Figure Product Picture of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2013-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2017 Figure Platform Product Picture Figure Floor-standing Product Picture Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Comparison by Application (2013-2025) Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales by Application in 2017 Figure Fighter Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Fighter Figure Rotorcraft Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Rotorcraft Figure Military Transport Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Military Transport Figure Regional Aircraft Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Regional Aircraft Figure Trainer Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Trainer Figure South China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure East China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Southwest China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Northeast China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure North China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Central China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2025) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) Figure 2017 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers Figure 2017 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) Figure 2017 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers Figure 2017 China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers Table China Market Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2013-2018) Figure China Market Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2017 Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers Table China Players/Manufacturers Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area Table China Players/Manufacturers Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Product Category Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2017 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Share (%) by Type (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2017 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2013-2018) Figure Revenue Market Share of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales by Type (2013-2018) Figure Revenue Market Share of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales by Type in 2017 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) by Applications (2013-2018) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2017 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2013-2018) Table FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure FEMA AIRPORT Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure LANGA INDUSTRIAL Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Teknoscale oy Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Intercomp Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Central Carolina Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Alliance Scale Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure General Electrodynamics Corporation Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Jackson Aircraft Weighing Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Henk Maas Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018) Figure Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018) Figure Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Figure Vishay Precision Group Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2013-2018) Table Aircraft Spruce Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Basic Information List Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Figure Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Industrial Chain Analysis Table Raw Materials Sources of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Major Players/Manufacturers in 2017 Table Major Buyers of Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Table Distributors/Traders List Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2025 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2025 Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2018-2025) Table China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2025) Figure China Military Aircraft Weighing Scales Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2025 Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources